Lumikizanani nafe pamtengo wabwino kwambiri!
Zinthu Zazikulu Zomwe Zimakhudza Ubwino wa Weld
Pambuyo polumikiza, chitini choteteza choyambirira pa msoko wa chitoliro chimachotsedwa kwathunthu, ndikusiya chitsulo choyambira chokha.
Chifukwa chake, iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi chophimba chachilengedwe cha mamolekyulu ambiri kuti chitsulo chisakhudze ndi dzimbiri komanso kuti chitsulocho chisasinthe mtundu chifukwa cha dzimbiri.
1. Mitundu ya Zophimba
Zophimba zokonzera zitha kugawidwa m'magawo amadzimadzi ndi zophimba za ufa. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kapangidwe kake, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi njira zophikira.
1. Zophimba zamadzimadzi
Izi zikuphatikizapo epoxy phenolic, acrylic, polyester, organosol, ndi zophimba zokhala ndi utoto, zoyenera kukonza msoko wa weld m'zitini zambiri za chakudya ndi zakumwa.
▶ Zophimba za Epoxy Phenolic: Zili ndi ma micropores ochepa, zimalimbana bwino ndi mankhwala komanso kuyeretsa, koma zimafuna kutentha kwambiri pa kuphika. Kuphika kosakwanira kumapangitsa kuti utotowo usaume bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utotowo ukhale woyera pambuyo pa kuyeretsa, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo cha chakudya. Kuphika kwambiri kumachepetsa kusinthasintha ndi kumamatira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utotowo ukhale wofooka komanso wosweka mosavuta.
▶ Zophimba za Acrylic ndi Polyester: Zimapereka kuuma bwino, kusinthasintha, kukana mankhwala, komanso kukana kuyeretsa. Komabe, zophimba za acrylic zimatha kuyamwa mitundu ya chakudya ndipo sizimalimbana ndi dzimbiri la sulfide.
▶ Zophimba za Organosol: Zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kolimba, kupanga zophimba zokhuthala pa mipiringidzo yonyowa popanda thovu, zokhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Zimafuna kutentha kochepa pophika kuposa zophimba zina koma zimakhala ndi kukana kolowera ndipo zimakhala ndi dzimbiri la sulfide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito muzakudya zokhala ndi sulfure.
▶ Zophimba Zokhala ndi Utoto: Kawirikawiri zimapangidwa powonjezera titanium dioxide kapena ufa wa aluminiyamu ku zophimba za organosol, epoxy, kapena polyester kuti zibise mawanga a dzimbiri pansi pa filimuyi, zoyenera kukonza msoko wothira m'zitini monga nyama ya nkhomaliro.
2Zophimba za Ufa
Zophimba ufa zimakhala ndi mafilimu okhuthala komanso athunthu, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri pa zomangira zolumikizira. Sizimatulutsa mpweya wosungunuka panthawi yokonza, zimachepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zitini za chakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe zimafuna kukana dzimbiri kwambiri. Zophimba ufa zimagawidwa m'mitundu ya thermoplastic ndi thermosetting.
▶ Zophimba za Thermoplastic: Zopangidwa makamaka ndi ufa wa polyester, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, ndi zina zotero. Kupanga filimu ndi njira yosavuta yosungunula, kotero panthawi yophika mutatha kupopera mu chidebe chonse, kutentha kukafika pamene utoto wa ufawo ukusungunuka, utoto wokonzanso umasungunukanso ndikupangidwanso. Zophimba izi ndizosinthasintha kwambiri ndipo zimapirira njira zosiyanasiyana zamakaniko koma zimakhala ndi kukana kwa mankhwala pang'ono kuposa zophimba za thermosetting, zomwe zimayamwa mosavuta mitundu ya chakudya. Kumamatira kwawo ku utoto wapansi kumakhala kotsika kuposa ku msoko wa weld, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ngati mlatho.
▶ Zophimba pa Thermosetting: Zopangidwa makamaka ndi epoxy/polyester, zimasungunuka kukhala mamolekyulu okhala ndi mamolekyulu ambiri kudzera mu polymerization pambuyo potenthetsa, ndikupanga mafilimu opyapyala kuposa zophimba za thermoplastic zomwe zimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa mankhwala koma sizigwira ntchito bwino.
Zophimba zokonzera zitha kugawidwa m'magawo amadzimadzi ndi zophimba za ufa. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kapangidwe kake, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi njira zophikira.
1. Zophimba zamadzimadzi
Izi zikuphatikizapo epoxy phenolic, acrylic, polyester, organosol, ndi zophimba zokhala ndi utoto, zoyenera kukonza msoko wa weld m'zitini zambiri za chakudya ndi zakumwa.
▶ Zophimba za Epoxy Phenolic: Zili ndi ma micropores ochepa, zimalimbana bwino ndi mankhwala komanso kuyeretsa, koma zimafuna kutentha kwambiri pa kuphika. Kuphika kosakwanira kumapangitsa kuti utotowo usaume bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utotowo ukhale woyera pambuyo pa kuyeretsa, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo cha chakudya. Kuphika kwambiri kumachepetsa kusinthasintha ndi kumamatira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti utotowo ukhale wofooka komanso wosweka mosavuta.
▶ Zophimba za Acrylic ndi Polyester: Zimapereka kuuma bwino, kusinthasintha, kukana mankhwala, komanso kukana kuyeretsa. Komabe, zophimba za acrylic zimatha kuyamwa mitundu ya chakudya ndipo sizimalimbana ndi dzimbiri la sulfide.
▶ Zophimba za Organosol: Zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kolimba, kupanga zophimba zokhuthala pa mipiringidzo yonyowa popanda thovu, zokhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso zosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Zimafuna kutentha kochepa pophika kuposa zophimba zina koma zimakhala ndi kukana kolowera ndipo zimakhala ndi dzimbiri la sulfide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito muzakudya zokhala ndi sulfure.
▶ Zophimba Zokhala ndi Utoto: Kawirikawiri zimapangidwa powonjezera titanium dioxide kapena ufa wa aluminiyamu ku zophimba za organosol, epoxy, kapena polyester kuti zibise mawanga a dzimbiri pansi pa filimuyi, zoyenera kukonza msoko wothira m'zitini monga nyama ya nkhomaliro.
2. Zophimba za ufa
Zophimba ufa zimakhala ndi mafilimu okhuthala komanso athunthu, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri pa zomangira zolumikizira. Sizimatulutsa mpweya wosungunuka panthawi yokonza, zimachepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zitini za chakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe zimafuna kukana dzimbiri kwambiri. Zophimba ufa zimagawidwa m'mitundu ya thermoplastic ndi thermosetting.
▶ Zophimba za Thermoplastic: Zopangidwa makamaka ndi ufa wa polyester, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, ndi zina zotero. Kupanga filimu ndi njira yosavuta yosungunula, kotero panthawi yophika mutatha kupopera mu chidebe chonse, kutentha kukafika pamene utoto wa ufawo ukusungunuka, utoto wokonzanso umasungunukanso ndikupangidwanso. Zophimba izi ndizosinthasintha kwambiri ndipo zimapirira njira zosiyanasiyana zamakaniko koma zimakhala ndi kukana kwa mankhwala pang'ono kuposa zophimba za thermosetting, zomwe zimayamwa mosavuta mitundu ya chakudya. Kumamatira kwawo ku utoto wapansi kumakhala kotsika kuposa ku msoko wa weld, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ngati mlatho.
▶ Zophimba pa Thermosetting: Zopangidwa makamaka ndi epoxy/polyester, zimasungunuka kukhala mamolekyulu okhala ndi mamolekyulu ambiri kudzera mu polymerization pambuyo potenthetsa, ndikupanga mafilimu opyapyala kuposa zophimba za thermoplastic zomwe zimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa mankhwala koma sizigwira ntchito bwino.
2. Kukhuthala kwa Kuphimba
3. Kukhulupirika kwa Kuphimba
1. Ubwino wa Welded
Kukhazikika kwa zokutira zokonzanso madzi kumadalira kwambiri mawonekedwe a msoko wosungunula. Ngati msoko wosungunula uli ndi malo otayira madzi, kutuluka kwakukulu, kapena pamwamba poyipa, zokutira zamadzi sizingaphimbe kwathunthu. Kuphatikiza apo, makulidwe a msoko wosungunula amakhudza momwe zokutirazo zimakhudzira; nthawi zambiri, makulidwe a msoko wosungunula ayenera kukhala ochepera nthawi 1.5 kuposa makulidwe a mbale. Pa chitsulo chachiwiri chozunguliridwa ndi ozizira kapena chitsulo cholimba kwambiri, makulidwe a msoko wosungunula ndi nthawi 1.5 mpaka 1.8 kuposa makulidwe a mbale.
Misomali yolumikizidwa yopangidwa popanda chitetezo cha nayitrogeni ingakhale yosagwira bwino ntchito pa chophimba chokonzanso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zigawo za oxide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ming'alu ya chophimbacho ichitike panthawi yochita zinthu monga kupotoza, kukanda, ndi kuluka, zomwe zimakhudza umphumphu wa chophimba chokonzanso.
Zophimba za ufa, chifukwa cha makulidwe ake okwanira, zimatha kuthana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi chitsulo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zolakwika mu weld, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri pa msoko wa weld.
2. Mathovu
Mapangidwe osamveka bwino a zosungunulira mu zophimba zokonzanso madzi amatha kusokoneza umphumphu wa zophimbazo. Ngati zophimba zamadzimadzi zili ndi zosungunulira zambiri zotsika kwambiri, kapena ngati kutentha kukukwera mofulumira kwambiri panthawi yophika, kapena ngati kutentha kwa msoko wa weld kuli kokwera kwambiri, zosungunulira zambiri zimaphwanyika panthawi yophika, zomwe zimasiya thovu kapena ma micropores muzophimbazo, zomwe zimachepetsa kuphimba ndi mphamvu yoteteza pa msoko wa weld.
4. Kuphika ndi Kukonza
1. Njira Yokonzera Zophimba
Kuphika ndi kuyeretsa zophimba zamadzimadzi kungagawidwe m'magawo otsatirawa: choyamba, chophimbacho chimanyowetsa ndi kunyowetsa msoko wa weld ndi malo opanda kanthu (pafupifupi masekondi 1-2), kutsatiridwa ndi kusungunuka kwa solvent kuti apange gel (kuyenera kumalizidwa mkati mwa masekondi 3-5; apo ayi, chophimbacho chidzatuluka kuchokera ku msoko wa weld), ndipo pamapeto pake polymerization. Chophimbacho chiyenera kulandira kutentha kokwanira, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri makulidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a chophimba chokonzanso. Monga tanenera kale, kukwera kwa kutentha mwachangu panthawi yophika kumatha kupanga thovu mosavuta, pomwe kukwera pang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha kungayambitse kuuma kosakwanira chifukwa cha kukonza kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa.
Zophimba zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana zophikira; zophimba za epoxy phenolic zimafuna nthawi yayitali kuposa zophimba za organosol, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti zimafunikira kutentha kwambiri pophika.
Pa zophimba za ufa, zophimba za thermoplastic zimangosungunuka kuti zipange filimu panthawi yophika popanda polymerization, pomwe zophimba za thermosetting zimawonjezeredwa polymerization pambuyo pa pre-polymerization ndikusungunuka kuti zigwirizane kukhala mamolekyulu ambiri. Chifukwa chake, kutentha kwa kuphika kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi momwe chophimba chokonzanso chimagwirira ntchito.
2. Zotsatira za digiri yophikira pa magwiridwe antchito a kupaka utoto
Zophimba zokonza zimatha kuwonetsa makhalidwe awo pokhapokha zikaphikidwa bwino ndikukonzedwa. Kuphika kosakwanira kumabweretsa ma micropores ambiri komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito; mwachitsanzo, zophimba za ufa wa thermoplastic zomwe sizinaphikidwa mokwanira zimatha kukwinya panthawi yopachika. Kuphika kwambiri kumakhudza kumamatira; mwachitsanzo, zophimba za epoxy phenolic zophikidwa kwambiri zimakhala zofooka ndipo zimatha kusweka nthawi yopachika, kupindika, ndi kupindika. Kuphatikiza apo, kuziziritsa kokwanira pambuyo pophika ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti chophimba chokonza chigwire ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zophimba za ufa wa thermoplastic sizizizira mofulumira kutentha kwa chipinda mutaphika, chophimbacho chingasweke panthawi yopachika. Kuwonjezera chipangizo choziziritsira pambuyo pa uvuni kungalepheretse mavuto osweka mu chophimba chokonza panthawi yopachika.
Mwachidule, kuti muwonetsetse kuti chophimbacho chili bwino—monga, palibe ma porosity ambiri komanso kuti chikhale chosavuta kuchigwiritsa ntchito—ndikofunikira kuwongolera makulidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa chophimbacho.
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Mukukonzekera kukhazikitsa chingwe chatsopano komanso chotsika mtengo chopangira zitini?
A: Chifukwa tili ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wopereka makina abwino kwambiri opangira chidebe chabwino kwambiri.
A: Ndi mwayi waukulu kwa wogula kubwera ku fakitale yathu kudzatenga makina chifukwa zinthu zathu zonse sizifunikira satifiketi yowunikira katundu ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kutumiza kunja.
A: Inde! Tikhoza kupereka zida zogwirira ntchito mwachangu kwaulere kwa chaka chimodzi, ingotsimikizirani kuti tigwiritsa ntchito makina athu ndipo okha ndi olimba kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-16-2025